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Self-control brings important effects on the process and maintenance of health behavior change in individuals, but its mechanism is unclear.Healthy behavior change could be divided into goal-oriented behavior initiation stage, combating habit rejection stage, and habit acquisition and maintenance stage.Established theories of health behavior change mainly focus on the conflict between the goal-directed behavior initiation phase and habitual behavior.It is also indicated that disgust is the key mechanism to restrain the implementation of goal-oriented behavior, but ignore the mechanisms in the action implementation and new behavior acquisition phases.In fact, goal-directed and habitual behaviors work together to ensure that individuals adapt efficiently to their environment.However, when goal-oriented behavior becomes habitual, old habit and new goal-oriented behavior begin to compete, causing conflicts and aversion.The core phase of self-control functioning is just in the confrontation with habit rejection phase.On the one hand, self-control directly assists individual goal-directed behavior habituation through conflict sense adaptation.On the other hand, intensive management and stimulus control indirectly assist goal-directed behavior habituation through the relief of conflict sense.Further exploration of the theory and clinical practice of self-control affecting healthy behavior change is needed in the future.
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Endoscopic teaching has always been a difficult point in clinical medical skill teaching.A standardized teaching plan was set up for the beginners to learn gastroscopy skills,which took 16 weeks.This training program included teaching the basic structure of a gastroscopy,the theory of operation skills,cleaning and disinfection of gastroscopy,and the operation of the virtual digestion endoscopy simulation training system.Only by passing the examinations of what mentioned above,could a beginner do gastroscopy of clinical subjects and write reports.According to a questionnaire survey of 15 trainees,100％ of trainees believed that virtual digestive endoscopy was necessary for the teaching of endoscopic skills.It was believed that the teaching plan were very strict and strict with 63.3％ and 33.3％ respectively.Therefore,this teaching plan with higher recognition and acceptance is suitable for the clinicians specializing in liver diseases and infectious diseases in infectious diseases specialist hospitals,who want to learn gastroscopy skills.
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Chronic heart failure(CHF)is the performance of end-stage cardiovascular disease and the leading cause of death in recent years.With the rapid development of medical care,the mortality rate of heart failure is still high.This is one in the two major challenges in the cardiovascular field in the 21st century.The new drug LCZ696 is a dual inhibitors of angiotensin receptor blockers(ARB)and neprilysin(NEP),which may lead to new hope for patients with heart failure.In order to determine the efficacy and safety of LCZ696 in the treatment of heart failure,foreign countries have carried out some large-scale trials,such as PARAMOUT, PARADIGM,TITRATION and so on.The results of these studies reflected the superiority of LCZ696 compared with enalapril,valsartan and other drugs in the treatment of chronic heart failure.ARB/antiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors(ACEI)targets the angiotensin receptor to dilate blood vessels and inhibits the sympathetic nerve,but their effects on sodium withdrawal and diuresis are weak.The sacubitril in LCZ696 prevents natriuretic peptide from degrading,strengthens the natriuretic diuretic and further expansion of blood vessels.Thereby it improves water and sodium retention and cardiac function.It can play a better synergistic role combined with valsartan.
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Objective@#To investigate the current status of job burnout in clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospitalin Shaoxing,China and related influencing factors.@*Methods@#In October 2016, the Nursing Burnout Scale (NBS)was used for the investigation of 304 clinical nurses in a grade A tertiary hospital.The contents of the investigation included general data(including age,education background,working years,marital status, frequency of night shifts,professional title, and way of employment), characteristics of working environment,burnout, personality characteristics,coping strategy,and psychosomatic symptoms.SPSS 18.0 was used to conduct Pearson correlation analysis of the scores of each dimension of NBS. A multivariate regression analysis was performed with the demographic features of clinical nurses as the independent variable and the scores of each dimension of NBS as the dependent variable.@*Results@#Among the clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital, the incidence rate of severe burnout was 74%.The Pearson correlation analysis showed that burnout,pessimistic personality,negative coping,and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with working environment(r=0.530,0.316,0.116,and 0.502); pessimistic personality and psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated with burnout(r=0.618 and 0.675); psychosomatic symptoms were positively correlated withpessimistic personality(r=0.540); negative coping was negatively correlated with pessimistic personality(r=-0.145).The multivariate linear regression analysis showed that department(Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery,B=-0.364 and -0.428)and frequency of night shifts(<6 times/month and 6-10 times/month,B=0.199 and 0.256)were influencing factors for the score of working environment; department(Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery, B=-0.350 and -0.360)was an influencing factor for the score of burnout; 1-3 working years(B=-0.238)was an influencing factor for the score of pessimistic personality; married state,1-3 working years,and department (Department of Internal Medicine or Department of Surgery)were influencing factors for the score of psychosomatic symptoms(B=0.263,-0.301,-0.322,and -0.391).@*Conclusion@#There is a high incidence rate of job burnout among clinical nurses in this grade A tertiary hospital,which is associated with burnout,working environment, pessimistic personality,and psychosomatic symptoms.Marital status,working years,department,and frequency of night shifts are major influencing factors for job burnout.
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Objective To study the current situation of migrant children' s social adaptation and ex?plore its influencing factors. Methods The study population was 1547 children aged 10?16 years recruited from Shijiazhuang city. Social adaptation was collected through social adaptation questionnaire,whereas self?control was measured by children' s self?control investigating questionnaire. The data were statistically ana?lyzed with the ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis. Results ①There was no significant difference on social adaptation scores between migrant children and urban children (3.71±0.65,3.70±0.69, P>0.05). ②Among migrant children,girls scored significantly higher than boys(3.80±0.59,3.63±0.69, P0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference on social adaptation between migrant children and urban children. Children' s self?control,parent?child rela?tionship and peer relationship have significant influence on social adaptation of migrant children .
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Objective To study the effect of parenting styles on the children' s self-control,and distinguish the influence between father and mother.Methods The present study selected 1 531 children (766 girls) between 3-10 years old.Data on parenting style were collected by parenting style questionnaire,while data on children' s self-control were measured by dual-system of self-control scale.Principal component analysis was conducted to examine common method bias.Results (1) No common method bias was found in this study.(2) Boys scored (31.66±5.95) on control system lower than girls (32.91±5.49),t=4.071,P＜ 0.01,but they had higher scores (43.19±8.32) on impulsive system than girls (41.96±8.32),t=2.226,P=0.027.(3)The associations of children's self-control scores with parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significant (r=-0.054～-0.174,P＜0.05),while it correlated positively with parents' democratic style (r=0.231,r=0.243,P＜0.05).The correlation between children's impulsive system scores and parents' spoiling,neglectful,authoritarian,inconsistent style were significantly positive (r=0.116-0.195,P＜0.05),while its associations with parents' democratic style were significant (r=-0.107,r=-0.108,P＜0.05).(4) As controlling children's age and sex,father democracy (β=0.120),inconsistency (β=-0.159),and mother democracy (β=0.188) were significantly correlated with children' s self-control (R 2adj =0.107,P＜0.05).Father despotism (β=0.070),inconsistency (β=0.136),mother's democracy (β=-0.063),despotism (β=0.099) and inconsistency (β=0.061) significantly predicted children's impulsive system (R 2adj =0.082,P＜0.05).Conclusion Each dimension of self-control and parenting style is high correlation.Father and mother's different rearing traits and the combination of different rearing traits contributed variously to children' s self-control system.
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Objective To study the relationship between mental effort and personal time perspective during the process of individual changing bad habits.Methods 230 graduate students were collected to attend this longitudinal study of 21 days by experience sampling method.The data on mental effort and performance were obtained from the process of daily change of the bad behavior.Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) was applied to graduate students.The survey results were analyzed by hierarchical linear modeling (HLM).Results In 21 days,the mental effort of subjects showed very clear downward trend,the trend of the change was statistical significant (total score(5.63±2.62),t=-5.590,P＜0.01).Mental effort didn't have significant difference in five kinds of behavioral objectives (keeping early hours,exercising daily,dieting,reading daily,limiting screen time) (P＞0.05).The male obviously put more effort than the female during the study(t=2.743,P＜0.01).Both Present Hedonism and Futurism were inversely related to mental effort,which was statistical significant (t=-2.504,P＜0.05;t=2.39,P＜0.05).Both Present Fatalism and Futurism had the effects on the changing trend of the mental effort regulatory,which was statistical significant (t=-3.099,P＜0.01;t=-2.400,P＜0.05).Conclusion The mental effort of changing the behavior will gradually decline during the process of habit establishment.The mental effort of subjects who had present fatalism or futurism show a faster decline.
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In recent years, with the continuous increasing incidence and mortality of lung cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) researches have made some progress. This article reviewed the research progress in the relationship between TCM syndromes and modern medical staging of lung cancer, with a purpose to provide references for the follow-up related work.
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Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Self-Regulatory Fa-tigue Scale (SRF-S)in Chinese young people.Methods:A sample of 553 young people from a university and a state-owned enterprise was administrated with the SRF-S,the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ)and the Dual-Mode Self-Control Scale (DMSC-S).Item analysis was conducted to identify valid items and revise the scale.Then the construct validity of the revised scale was tested through confirmatory factor analysis.Finally,a sam-ple of 238 graduate students was retested two weeks later to examine the reliability of the scale.Results:Item analy-sis showed that the SRF-S had satisfactory item discrimination (r >0.38).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the whole scale had a three-order factor and good construct validity (χ2 /df=5.08,RMSEA =0.09,NFI =0.90, NNFI =0.90,CFI =0.92,IFI =0.92,GFI =0.90)after removing 2 items with factor loadings lower than 0.32,and the range of factor loading was between 0.37 and 0.71.The SRF-S total and subscale scores were positively corre-lated with the scores of negative coping and poor control (r =0.25 -0.58,Ps <0.001),and were negatively associ-ated with the scores of positive coping and good self-Control (r =-0.22 --0.47,Ps <0.001).The Cronbach's αcoefficients were 0.84 for the total scale,and 0.64 to 0.69 for the three subscales,respectively;the test-retest relia-bility coefficients were 0.73 for the total scale,and 0.62 to 0.67 for the three subscales,respectively.Conclusion:It suggests that the Chinese version of SFR-S could be used as an effective and reliable tool for assessing self-regu-latory fatigue state among Chinese young people.
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Objective To learn how the process of self-regulatory fatigue (SRF) mediates the effect of leadership styles on job satisfaction of young workers.Methods 723 young workers recruited from a business enterprise were required to response to questionnaire survey, including leader behavior description, self-regulatory fatigue and job satisfaction questionnaire.Results All young workers' job satisfaction was 3.78±0.69,31 years old and above were higher than 30 years old and under(t=-3.246, P＜0.01) ,and there was no significant difference in gender and education.Job satisfaction was significantly positively correlated with leadership style (r initiating structure =0.210, r ideration =0.272), and was significantly negatively correlated with self-regulatory fatigue (r=-0.333).Two dimensions of leadership styles,initiating structure (β=0.227, t=2.659, P＜0.01) and consideration (β=0.270, t=5.035, P＜0.01), had the predicted effects of job satisfaction (R 2 =0.098).Consideration dimension of leadership style had more influence on job satisfaction at the high level of self-regulatory fatigue (β=0.266, t=4.929, P＜0.01);the effect of initiating structure dimention on job satisfaction was influenced by gender (t=-5.154, P＜0.01);self-regulatory fatigue was mediator between leadership styles and job satisfaction, and the consideration dimension of leadership style had more mediation effect on job satisfaction than that of initiating structure dimention of leadership style (mediationconsideration=0.317,mediationinitiating structure=0.268).Conclusion Two dimensions of leadership style can affect job satisfaction, and are mediated by self-regulatory fatigue.The intervention of self-regulatory fatigue can help to improve the job satisfaction of young workers.
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Objective To investigate the incidence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)symptoms among 3-10-year-old children and its relationship with sleep.Methods Taking gender,grade (junior in kindergarten to third grade),and region(urban and rural areas) as stratification variable,1 535 children aged 3 to 10 years old were selected by random in six areas nationwide.ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ-Parent Version and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were adopted to investigate ADHD symptoms and sleep of these children.Results 24.95％ of the investigated children had ADHD symptoms.Boys scored higher than girls in all indicators(boys:Inattention (IA):(9.21±3.75),Hyperactivity-Impulsivity (HI):(8.62± 3.87),Total:(17.82±7.01),girls:IA:(8.16±3.77),HI:(7.32±3.76),Total:(15.48±6.98)) while girls had higher incidence of ADHD symptoms than boys (girls:IA:16.19％,HI:27.02％,Total:32.51％,boys:IA:11.70％,HI:8.19％,Total:17.43％).Peak incidence occured in children aged 7-9 (7 years old group:IA:18.22％,HI:21.93 ％,Total:38.66％,8 years old group:IA:20.66％,HI:23.25 ％,Total:38.01％,9 years old group:IA:18.22％,HI:33.78％,Total:32.00％).Rural children had higher incidence of ADHD symptoms than urban children(rural children:IA:18.37％,HI:18.37％,Total:29.48％,urban children:IA:10.47％,HI:15.12％,Total:21.40％).Logistic regression results showed that sleep quality,sleep disorder and daily dysfunction can predict the incidence of ADHD symptoms to a certain degree.Conclusion The incidence of ADHD symptoms appear to be high in children evaluating by ADHD Rating Scale-Ⅳ-Parent Version.More attention should be paid to girls and rural children' s ADHD symptoms.7-9 years old children have the highest incidence of ADHD symptoms.The more problems in daytime dysfunction,sleep disorders and bedtime,the more ADHD symptoms will be observed.
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Objective To develop a scale of the executive functional status for adolescents.Methods Regarding to the structure and the conception of executive function and the results of interviews to several adolescents,a preliminary inventory including 37 items was developed.The investigation sample consisted of 1722 students from 2 provinces in China by stratified sampling,and the the internal consistency,conduct validity and criterion validity were assessed by exploratory factor analysis.Results The revised scale including 21 items was consisted of three factors:inhibition control,cognitive flexibility,working memory,which explained 45.39％ of the total variance.The factor loading ranged from 0.499 to 0.727.The Cronbach alpha ranged from 0.786-0.897 for the scale and its three factors.Factor structure fitted actual data and its fit indices were x2=530.44,df=186,RESMA =0.053,GFI =0.93,AGFI =0.91,NFI =0.96,CFI =0.97.Conclusion It shows that the reliability and validity of the scale meet the standard of the psychometrics,and it can be suitable for evaluating the functional status of execution of Chinese adolescent.
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Objective To develop and test the reliability and validity of the dual-systems of self-control scale for children (DSSCSC).Methods The scale was developed based on previous studies and the theoretical framework of the dual system.Totally 1493 families from 5 provinces were recruited.Participants were asked to complete the DSSCSC.Item analysis was conducted to identify valid items.Then the construct validity of the scale was tested through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis(EFA & CFA).Finally the reliability and criterion validity of the scale was examined.Results The scale was consisted of 23 items with 5 factors-planning,impulsivity,distractibility,persistence,and poor delay of gratification.They explained 50.46％ of the total variance.Besides,the CFA resuhs demonstrated a satisfactory construct validity of the scale (RMSEA =0.044,NFI =0.95,NNFI=0.97,CFI=0.97).The scores of DSSCSC and its subscales were significantly correlated with the TSCRS scores.The Cronbach' s α coefficients of the total scale was 0.855,and 5 subscales were 0.813,0.803,0.582,0.608,and 0.620 respectively.Conclusion The DSSCSC with 5 factors has a good reliability and validity,demonstrating it a valid tool to measure the children' s self-control in China.
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Great difficulties were existed in clinical teaching in hospitals for infectious diseases. Therefore,a centralized hospital teaching rounds,a new clinical teaching practice was taken in a hospital for infectious diseases. During seven years' practice,a basic mode of centralized hospital teaching rounds was established,which contains many aspects such as organizational form,time arrangement,case se-lection and operation procedures. Its effectiveness was evaluated accoding to the following aspects:number of people attending hospital teaching rounds,composition of these people,satisfaction of these people, comparison of ward rounds data recorded nowadays and 7 years before and assembling all the rounds records into a book. Results indicated that this measure overcame the limitations of the specialized hospi-tals to some extent and played an important role in improving clinical teaching quality.
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Aim To investigate the lipid-lowering mechanism of Chinese Medicine curcumin.A sterol regulatory report system of LDLR gene expression in HEK-293 cell line was established.Method A green fluorescent protein(GFP) gene was constructed downstream of the sterol regulatory element-1(SRE-1) and the constructed plasmid was introduced into HEK-293 cell line.This SRE-GFP transfected 293 cells were treated with different concentration of curcumin for 2 days.The expression of GFP in the cells was measured by a fluorescence microscope and Flow Cytometry.Results The expression of GFP in SRE-GFP transfected 293 cells was obviously induced by curcumin.Conclusion Curcumin may positively affect the expression of LDLR gene by its influence on SRE-1.
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Object To observe the effect of Tianyizhike Syrup on dispelling phlegm and relieving asthma. Methods The phenol red secreting tests in mice, capillary method in rats, asthma induced by spraying and trachea screwy strip method on guinea pig were adopted for observing the related pharmacological effect in different doses of Tianyizhike Syrup. Results Tianyizhike Syrup could obviously increase the amount of the mice secreting phenol red and the rat dispelling phlegm, prolong the latent period of the guinea pig asthma and significantly enlarge the bronchia smooth muscle. Conclusion Tianyizhike Syrup has a significant effect of dispelling phlegm and relieving asthma.
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Objective: To observe antipyretic, diuresis, anti inflammatory and antisepsis effects of Qinglin Granules. (Herba Polygoni Avicularis, Herba Dianthi, Caulis Aristolochiae Manshuriensis, Semen Plantaginis, Fructus Gardeniae, etc.) Methods: The model of pyretic rats induced by yeast was used to prove antipyretic action. The diuresis action was observed by the test. The anti inflammatory effect was observed by pettitoes swelling in rats and auricle swelling in mice. The paper diffuse methods were used to confirm the antisepsis effect. Results: Qinglin Granules not only had the obvious effect of relieving fever and increasing the amount of urine, but also had the strong inhibition on the two kinds of inflammatory models, moreover it can widen the diameter of the antisepsis ring which showed it had the inhibition on cdibacillus, pseudomonas, aeruginosa, bacillus gasoformans, staphylococcus aureus and gonococcic. Conclusion: Qinglin Granules have the obvious antipyretic, diuresis, anti inflammatory and antisepsis effects.
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Aim To investigate and evaluate the effect of ligustrazine on the expression of scavenger receptor type AI, the human ?-interferon activation site (GAS) elements regulatory systems of SR-AI expression wasfirst established in the Xenopus oocytes. Methods A plasmid, in which the human SR-AI gene was constructed downstream from the GAS elements, was microinjected into the nucleus of Xenopus oocytes. The oocytes then were cultured in the smooth muscle cell conditioned medium (SCM), In which the cell were cultured with the treatment of oxLDL for 2 days. In the other groups, the oocytes were treated with SCM containing the nature medicines ligustrazine, and the positive control drug ?-interferon respectively. Results The results demonstrated that SCM could upregulate the expression of SR-AI in this system, this action was suppressed by ligustrazine and ?-interferon. Conclusion Similar to the action of ?-interferon, ligustrazine can prevent the over-expression of SR-A induced by oxLDL, via their effect on the GAS elements regulatory pathway.